Artificial intelligence
Ø Artificial intelligence ,sometimes called machine intelligence ,
is intelligence Demonstrated by machines, in contrast to the
natural displayed by humans and Other animals.
Example:
o Cleverbot is a chatterbot that’s modeled after
human behavior and able to hold a conversation.
§ In computer science artificial intelligence
research is defined as the study
of “artificial agents”any device that perceives its
environment
and takes action that maximize its chance of
successfully achieving its goals.
Major Goals of Artificial Intelligence:
1. Knowledge reasoning :
Knowledge representation and reasoning is field of AI dedicated to
representing information about a world in a form that a computer system
can utilize to solve complex tasks such as diagnosing a medical condition
or having a dialog in a natural language.
2. Planning:
Automated planning and scheduling ,sometimes denoted
as simple AI planning ,is a branch of artificial intelligence
that concerns the strategies or action sequences, typically
for execution by intelligent agents autonomous robots
and unmanned vehicles.
ü Planning also related to decision theory.
3. Machine Learning:
Machine learning is a field of computer science that uses
statistical techniques to give computer systems the ability
to “learn “ with data , without being explicitly programmed.
ü ML is about language processing by computers.
For the processing of language by human brain ,
see language processing in brain.
Example:
o Progressively improves performance on a specific task.
4. Natural Language Processing:
NLP is an area of computer science and AI concerned with the
interactions between computers and human
,natural languages, in particular how to program computers
to process and analyze large amounts of natural language data.
5. Computer versions:
Computer versions is an type of artificial intelligence that deals with
computers can be made to gain high level understanding from, digital
images or videos. and extraction of high-dimensional data from the
real world to produce numerical or symbolic information
6. Robotics:
Robotics is an branch of engineering and science that includes mechanical
engineering electronics engineering ,computer science and others .
ü Robotics deals with design , construction, operation,
and use of robots, as well as Computer systems
for their control, sensory, feedback, and
information processing.
Approaches:
v Symbolic.
v Deep learning.
Deep learning architectures such as neural networks .
recurrent neural Networks have been applied to fields including
computer vision, speech recognition, audio recognition. Drug design
and board game programs where they produced results
comparable to and in some cases superior to human experts.
v Bayesian networks.
v Evolutionary algorithms.
Philosophy:
v Ethics.
v Existential risk.
v Turing test.
v Chinese room.
v Friendly AI.
History:
v Timeline.
v Progress.
v AI winter.
Technology:
v Applications.
v Projects.
v Programming languages.
Purpose of AI:
Ø AI is an intelligence of a machine that could successfully perform any
intellectual task that a human being can.
Ø It is a primary goal of some artificial intelligence research and
a common topic in
science fiction
future studies.
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