Artificial intelligence


     Artificial intelligence


Ø Artificial intelligence ,sometimes  called   machine  intelligence ,
is  intelligence  Demonstrated by machines, in contrast  to  the  
natural  displayed  by  humans  and  Other animals.

Example:
Cleverbot  is a chatterbot that’s modeled after 
human behavior and able to hold a conversation.


§ In computer science  artificial intelligence  
research is defined as  the study 
of “artificial agents”any device that perceives its  
environment 
and takes action that   maximize  its chance of 
 successfully achieving  its  goals.


                 
 Major Goals of Artificial Intelligence:

1. Knowledge  reasoning :
                                    
 Knowledge   representation and   reasoning   is   field   of   AI  dedicated  to      
 representing  information  about  a world  in a form that a computer  system  
can utilize to solve complex  tasks   such as  diagnosing  a     medical  condition 
or having a  dialog  in a natural language.

2. Planning:

Automated   planning   and scheduling ,sometimes  denoted
 as  simple  AI planning ,is a branch of  artificial intelligence
  that concerns the strategies or action sequences, typically
  for execution by intelligent agents  autonomous robots 
and unmanned vehicles.


ü Planning also related to decision theory.

3. Machine Learning:

Machine  learning is a field of computer science that uses
 statistical techniques to  give computer systems the  ability
 to “learn “  with data , without being explicitly programmed.


ü ML   is about language processing by  computers.
 For the processing  of language by human  brain ,  
see  language processing  in brain.


Example:
Progressively improves performance on a specific task.



4. Natural  Language  Processing:

NLP is an area of computer science and AI concerned  with  the
 interactions  between  computers  and  human 
 ,natural  languages,  in particular  how to  program computers
  to  process  and  analyze  large amounts  of  natural  language  data.



5. Computer versions:

Computer versions is  an  type of artificial intelligence  that  deals  with 
 computers  can be made  to  gain high level understanding  from,  digital  
images  or  videos.   and   extraction  of  high-dimensional  data  from  the 
 real  world  to produce  numerical or symbolic  information



6. Robotics:
Robotics is  an  branch of  engineering  and  science that  includes  mechanical
 engineering  electronics engineering ,computer science  and  others .

ü Robotics deals  with  design , construction, operation,  
and  use  of robots, as well  as Computer systems  
for their control, sensory, feedback,  and
 information processing.



Approaches:
Symbolic.
Deep  learning.
                        Deep learning architectures such as neural networks  .
recurrent neural Networks have been applied to fields including 
 computer vision, speech recognition, audio recognition. Drug design  
and  board   game programs where they produced results 
comparable to and in some cases superior to human experts.
                        
Bayesian  networks.
Evolutionary  algorithms.


             Philosophy:
Ethics.
Existential risk.
Turing test.
Chinese room.
Friendly AI.

              
 History:
Timeline.
Progress.
AI winter.
               

  Technology:
Applications.
Projects.
Programming  languages.

Purpose of AI:
Ø AI  is an   intelligence  of a  machine  that  could  successfully  perform  any   
intellectual task that a human being can.
Ø It  is a primary goal of some artificial intelligence research and 
a common topic in 
science fiction
                          future studies.
                   




                 

                 




 



 


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